The Human-Animal Bond: A Two-Way Connection for Mental Health - by student intern Toby Leung

Mental Health in Modern Hong Kong

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have been struggling with loneliness, depression, social isolation, and other hidden mental health issues. According to the 2024 World Happiness Report by the United Nations, Hong Kong ranked 86th globally. Furthermore, a recent study by an NGO revealed that 61% of Hong Kong adults suffer from poor mental well-being, with up to three-quarters not seeking any form of professional help.

How the Human-Animal Bond Might Be Part of the Solution

What is the Human-Animal Bond?

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) defines the Human-Animal Bond (HAB) as "a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals that is influenced by behaviours essential to the health and well-being of both."

This bond has been cherished throughout human history and continues to play a vital role in our lives today. For example, more than half of American dog owners and over three-quarters of cat owners allow their pets to sleep on their beds.

Given the deep connection between humans and animals, it's no surprise that extensive scientific research has focused on this relationship, leading to the development of fields like anthrozoology and zooeyia.

At its core, the human-animal bond is built on the emotional and psychological connections between people and their animal companions. Whether it's the unconditional love of a family pet or the therapeutic benefits of interacting with animals, this bond has the power to profoundly impact our well-being and deepen our understanding of the natural world.

How Do Dogs Help Humans?

Stress is an inevitable part of life, arising from both expected and unexpected situations. Maintaining a balance between stress and relaxation is crucial for optimising health and well-being.

Numerous studies have shown that interacting with dogs—whether through play or cuddling—can release oxytocin, the "bonding" or "happiness" hormone, in humans. Oxytocin is associated with feelings of social connection and stress relief, while cortisol, a stress hormone, decreases.

Another fascinating study on the neurophysiological effects of affiliative behaviour between humans and dogs found that just 30 minutes of positive interaction can increase levels of beta-phenylethylamine, a chemical also found in chocolate!

On a broader scale, a 2023 survey conducted by Zoetis and the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI) found that 88% of pet owners believe having a pet positively impacts their health—physically, mentally, or both. This figure jumps to a staggering 98% when owners are asked indirectly, with almost all reporting at least one mental, physical, or social benefit from their pets.

In summary, the calming presence, non-judgmental support, and unconditional love of a dog can promote relaxation and even alleviate symptoms of anxiety, especially during times of stress, grief, or other mental health challenges.

How Do Humans Help Dogs?

Many common health issues in pets, such as obesity and lack of physical activity, can be mitigated by regular exercise. Whether you're taking a long walk with your dog, playing with your rabbit, or stimulating your cat with a laser pointer, these activities offer clear physical benefits for your pets.

Moreover, consistent human-animal interaction enhances the quality of life for dogs, fostering a deep bond that can last a lifetime. Dogs, being highly social animals, thrive on human interaction and affection. By providing a loving, nurturing home, humans give dogs a sense of security, belonging, and emotional fulfilment. Engaging them in activities and mental challenges also provides the necessary mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.

One of the most intriguing studies on HAB involved training dogs to enter an MRI machine and exposing them to five different scents: their owner, an unfamiliar human, a familiar dog, an unfamiliar dog, and their own scent. Remarkably, the study found that the caudate nucleus—a brain region associated with pleasure and positive expectations—was significantly activated by their owner's scent.

Thanks to advancements in technology, it's now clear that the Human-Animal Bond is a mutually beneficial relationship. Not only does it contribute to our well-being, but it also plays a crucial role in the mental and psychological health of our pets.

Fun Facts

Did you know that some dogs are trained to assist people with specific needs or illnesses? This is known as Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI). The role of animals in improving mental health has gained increasing attention in recent years, from service dogs for PTSD to emotional support animals on planes and therapy dogs in offices.

In a TED Talk by Dr. Rustin M. Moore, dean of Ohio State College of Veterinary Medicine, he shared a striking example of the power of the HAB. A 78-year-old patient named Alan, diagnosed with non-Alzheimer's dementia, participated in equine-assisted therapeutic interventions. Four years later, on his birthday, he asked when he could see the horse, Jack, again—demonstrating the enduring impact of the HAB, regardless of age or mental capacity.